- 90th percentile
That utilization value in the selected time interval which
10% of the utilization values fall above, and 90% fall below or are equal
to.
- activate cell
The process of changing an inactive cell into
an active cell. A cell is
activated when it is integrated into an nPartition.
- activate I/O chassis
The process of changing an inactive I/O chassis into
an active I/O chassis. A chassis is activated
when the cell to which it is attached is activated.
- activated processor
A processor that has been turned on either by the Instant Capacity
software or during processor installation. Processors are activated
with the icod_modify command (or the vparmodify command
in a virtual partition) while HP-UX is running.
- active cell
A cell that is available for use by
the software running on the nPartition. This implies that the cell's
processors and memory (and I/O, if the cell is attached to an active I/O
chassis) are all available for use by the OS. An active
cell has the following characteristics:
- active I/O chassis
An I/O chassis with an initialized link
to the system bus adapter
(SBA). The SBA link must be initialized for software
running on the nPartition to be able to use I/O cards installed
in the I/O chassis.
- active nPartition
An nPartition is active if at least
one of the cells in
the nPartition is active.
see also inactive nPartition- add-on system
A system that has been converted to an Instant Capacity system.
This process is performed by an HP service representative.
- advisory mode
SRD advisory mode lets you see what
requests gWLM would make for a compartment without
changing its resource allocation.
see also managed modesee also deploy- allocation
The amount of a resource, such as processor, that gWLM
sets aside for a compartment after arbitrating resource requests from
the policies for all the compartments.
In managed mode, gWLM makes an allocation available to a
compartment. In advisory mode, gWLM reports what the allocation
would be without changing resource allocations on a system.
see also entitlement- application
A collection of processes that perform a specific function.
- assign cell to an nPartition
A modification of the Stable Complex
Configuration Data to change a cell from
a free cell to an assigned cell in a specific
nPartition. Once assigned to an nPartition,
a cell must be activated in
order to use the cell's resources.
- association
In SIM, an association
is created by discovery and identification
of SIM system objects that are then associated with other objects.
One type of association is containment.
For example, clusters contain members, complexes contain
nPartitions, and
OS images contain resource
partitions.
In gWLM, a policy-workload
association tells gWLM which policy to
use to manage that workload's resource
allocation.
- available resources
Cells and I/O
chassis that are not assigned to an nPartition;
or processors, memory, and I/O resources that are not assigned to
a virtual partition. These resources
are available to be used in new partitions or can be added to existing
partitions.
- average
The sum of all the utilization values divided by the number
of data points for the selected time interval.
- backing store
A device accessible to the Integrity VM Host,
that maps to a storage device on a virtual machine.
- base cabinet
A compute cabinet that can be used as
the only compute cabinet in a complex, or as
half of a dual compute cabinet complex. A base cabinet is always
physically the left cabinet in the pair (when viewed from the front)
and is always the cabinet that contains the Service Processor.
see also expansion cabinet- base cell
A cell in a partitionable system. In
future versions of partition management software, base cells may be
distinguished from other cell types.
- BCH
Boot console handler. The system firmware user
interface that allows boot-related configuration changes and operations
on PA-RISC systems. For example, BCH provides a way to specify boot
options and the choice of boot devices. The EFI Boot Manager provides a similar function
for Itanium®-based systems.
- BIB
Boot-is-blocked. The state of a cell that
is powered on but not allowed to boot. BIB exists as soon as power
is enabled to a cell, although the system firmware completes
its power-on self-test sequence before waiting for BIB to be cleared
by the Service Processor. BIB is cleared
when the Service Processor is told to boot an nPartition.
BIB is also cleared when the system firmware determines that there
is no active Service Processor in a complex.
see also ready for reconfiguration- boot console handler
- see BCH
- boot-is-blocked
- see BIB
- bound processor
In A.03.x versions of vPars,
a bound processor is a processor that can handle interrupts for a
virtual partition. Bound processors cannot
be migrated from one virtual partition to another if either of the
virtual partitions is running. Every virtual partition must have
at least one bound processor.
The distinction between bound and unbound processors does not
apply to vPars version A.04.x.
see also unbound processor- cabinet
The physical enclosure that contains cells or I/O
chassis. A cabinet also includes hardware that provides
power and cooling. Some cell-based servers support cabling several
cabinets together to form a single complex.
- cabinet blowers
The main cooling fans on top of HP Superdome server
compute cabinets.
They provide the main airflow through the cabinet.
- Capacity Advisor
HP Integrity Essentials Capacity Advisor. The VSE
Management Software application that is responsible
for analysis and planning of workloads on
a system or across a set of systems.
- capacity planning
The analysis and planning of workloads on
a system or across a set of systems.
- capacity-planning simulation
The process of combining workload demand profiles, as prescribed by a
scenario, to estimate the demand profiles of
the systems that contain the workloads. Statistics gathered from the
simulation can be summarized in reports.
- CC
Cell controller. A chip located on every cell board
that has interfaces to the processors and memory on the cell. The
cell controller also has an interface to a system
bus adapter and to the fabric.
The cell controller maintains data coherency across the cells in an
nPartition.
- cell
A circuit board that contains processors and memory, all controlled
by a cell controller (CC).
A cell is the basic building block of an nPartition in
a complex.
- cell controller
- see CC
- cell local memory
- see CLM
- cell power on/off
Enable or disable power to a cell. A
cell cannot become active until
power has been enabled. It must be inactive
before power can be disabled. A cell location must be populated in
order to enable power. Physical removal of a cell must not occur
until power has been disabled.
Powering a cell on or off will also power on or off an I/O
chassis that is attached to the cell.
- cell-based server
A server in which all processors and memory are contained in cells, each of which can be assigned for exclusive
use by an nPartition. Each nPartition runs
its own instance of an operating system.
- central management server
- see CMS
- chassis log
Term used for event log on cell-based servers based on the
PA-8700 processor.
- CLI
Command line interface. An operating system shell for direct
entry of commands by the user.
see also GUI- clipping
In gWLM, the limiting of a policy's resource request.
Types of clipping include:
Compartment clipping. A workload's compartment may
already be at its maximum size (for example, as set using
a vPars command), with policy requests
trying to increase it beyond its configured maximum.
Policy clipping. A workload
receives the maximum processor allocation allowed based on
its policy; however, the request would be higher if the policy maximum
were higher.
Priority clipping. There are
not enough resources for the compartments at lower priority
levels, because of the need to allocate resources for compartments at
higher priority levels. Note that resources are allocated for
fixed policies,
OwnBorrow policies,
and policy minimums
before gWLM considers priorities.
- CLM
Cell local memory. Cell memory
that is not interleaved.
A page of cell local memory comes from a single cell. Cell local
memory provides better performance than interleaved memory for processes
running on the processors in the cell that contains the memory.
see also interleaved memory- cluster
A set of two or more systems
configured together to host workloads,
such that users are unaware that more than one system is hosting the
workload.
- CMS
Central management server. A system in the management domain
that executes the HP Systems Insight Manager software. All central
operations within HP Systems Insight Manager are initiated from this
system.
- codeword
The component licensing mechanism used with Instant
Capacity versions B.07.x software.
Prior to activating an Instant Capacity component, a right-to-use
(RTU) codeword must be applied to an
Instant Capacity system. Codewords are obtained
from the Utility Pricing Solutions Portal after
you purchase a component.
- command line interface
- see CLI
- compartment
An nPartition, virtual
partition, virtual
machine, or resource
partition whose resources are allocated by gWLM.
Multiple compartments are grouped to form a shared
resource domain (SRD). The compartments
all share the resources of the SRD. A compartment can be in only
one SRD. Each compartment holds a workload.
gWLM manages each workload's resource allocation by adjusting the
resource allocation of its compartment.
- compartment consumption
The amount of a resource being consumed by all of the processes
in a compartment. For example, if the processes
in a compartment consume a total of two processors, the compartment
consumption of processors is two.
- compartment utilization
The compartment consumption of a given
resource as a percentage of the compartment's
size. For example, if a compartment's consumption
is two processors and its size is four processors, the compartment
utilization of processors is 50%.
- CompartmentMax
The maximum amount of a resource that a compartment can
have. This value is the maximum resource allocation allowed by the
underlying compartment. However, gWLM might
reduce this number at times because an SRD has
a large number of compartments and each compartment must receive a
minimum portion of the resources.
see also PolicyMax- CompartmentMin
The minimum amount of a resource that a compartment can
have. This value is the minimum resource allocation required by the
underlying compartment.
see also PolicyMin- complex
A complex includes one or more cabinets
that are cabled together and all of the hardware resources
that they contain. A complex has a single Service
Processor.
see also serversee also system- complex profile
The data structure managed by the Service Processor
that represents the configuration of a complex.
The complex profile consists of the Stable
Complex Configuration Data for the entire complex, and Partition Configuration Data for each nPartition
in the complex.
- compute cabinet
Any cabinet containing cells.
An I/O expansion cabinet is not a compute
cabinet.
- configured processor
A processor that has been configured at the boot console handler
(BCH or EFI) and is
now available for activation by the Instant
Capacity software.
- constraints
Resource allocation restrictions imposed by either the customer
(for example, workload placement restrictions),
or the Virtual Server Environment (for
example, a cell cannot be subdivided across
an nPartition).
see also policy- convergence rate
Indicator of workload sensitivity to
changes in processor allocation. Larger values produce larger changes
in the allocation, causing faster convergence on the policy's target;
smaller values produce slower convergence on the target. The default
rate is 1.0.
- core
The actual data-processing engine within a processor. A single
processor might have multiple cores.
see also processor- core cell
Each nPartition has one cell
that system firmware selects at boot time to
be the core cell. This cell must be attached to an I/O
chassis that contains core I/O.
The core cell has the following unique characteristics:
- core I/O
I/O hardware that provides the base set of I/O functions required
by every nPartition. Core I/O includes the partition console interface and 10/100 BaseT
network interface.
- core-cell choices
Information in each nPartition's Partition
Configuration Data that guides system
firmware in choosing the nPartition's core
cell. Cells that are identified as core cell
choices are tried first (in the order specified) before system firmware
applies its default core-cell selection algorithm.
- CPU
Central processing unit, or processor.
- cross-bar chip
- see XBC
- current virtual partition
The virtual partition that is running
the vPars command currently being executed.
see also local nPartition- custom policy
A policy for managing a workload's
compartment. This type of policy allows you
to provide your own metric. gWLM then manages
an associated workload, adjusting the resource allocation as needed
based on how the value of its metric compares to a target you specify.
You update values for the metric using the gwlmsend command
on the operating system instance where the workload is running.
- deactivate cell
The process of changing an active cell into
an inactive cell. A cell becomes
inactive when a shutdown for reconfiguration operation
is performed on its nPartition. A cell can
also be deactivated by setting its use-on-next-boot value
to No and then performing a
reboot for reconfiguration operation on the nPartition.
- deactivate I/O chassis
The process of changing an active I/O chassis into
an inactive I/O chassis.
An I/O chassis is deactivated when the cell to
which it is attached is deactivated.
- deactivated processor
- see inactive processor
- deconfigured processor
A processor that has not yet been configured at the boot console
handler (BCH or EFI).
Instant Capacity and Pay
per use software cannot activate a processor that is
deconfigured.
- demand profile
A set of resource-demand readings made at regular intervals
for some period of time. The demand profile of a workload,
system, or complex is
used when doing capacity planning.
- deploy
Enable gWLM control of a shared resource domain (SRD).
Deploying an SRD in managed mode enables
gWLM control of resource allocation within the SRD. For example, in
an SRD that is based on a virtual partition with processor sets (PSETs) for
compartments, deploying
an SRD in managed mode allows gWLM to migrate processors between PSETs.
When deploying an SRD in advisory mode,
gWLM only reports what the allocation would be without actually affecting
resource allocations on a system.
see also undeploy- DIMM
Dual In-line Memory Module, a standard memory-chip format.
- discovery
In system management applications, the process
of finding and identifying network objects. In HP Systems Insight
Manager, discovery finds and identifies all the HP systems within
a specified network.
gWLM can examine systems
that you specify and automatically identify the nPartitions, virtual partitions, and processor sets (PSETs) that
are present on those systems. You then form SRDs based
on the discovered nPartitions, virtual partitions, and PSETs.
- Dual In-line Memory Module
- see DIMM
- dynamic processor migration
A vPars feature that allows you to add unbound processors to a virtual
partition, or remove them from a virtual partition, while the
virtual partition is running.
- echelon
A set of DIMMs installed
as a single failure group. If any DIMM in the echelon fails or is
deconfigured, the entire echelon is deconfigured. Some HP server
models use an echelon size of 4 DIMMs; others use an echelon size
of 2 DIMMs.
- Effective PolicyMax
- see PolicyMax
- Effective PolicyMin
- see PolicyMin
- EFI
Extensible firmware interface. The system firmware user interface that
allows boot-related configuration changes and operations on Itanium®-based systems. For example, EFI provides
ways specify boot options and list boot devices. The boot
console handler (BCH) provides a similar
function for PA-RISC systems.
- entitlement
The amount of a system resource (for example,
processor) that is guaranteed to a virtual machine.
The actual allocation of resources to the virtual machine may
be greater or less than its entitlement depending on the virtual
machine's demand for processor resources and the overall system
processor load.
The amount of a resource that is set aside for
a compartment.
- event log
Information about system events made available from the source
of the event to other parts of a server complex.
An event log indicates what event has occurred, when and where it
happened, and its severity (the alert level). Event logs do not rely
on normal I/O operation.
The term “chassis log” was used in place of “event
log” on earlier server models.
- expansion cabinet
A specially configured compute cabinet that
can be connected to a base cabinet to create
a dual-compute-cabinet complex. The expansion cabinet is always
the right-hand cabinet in the pair (when viewed from the front) and
contains a hub to connect it to the Service Processor in
the base cabinet.
see also IOX- extensible firmware interface
- see EFI
- fabric
Within a complex, the interconnect composed
of cross-bar chips (XBC)
and cells.
- Fair-Share Scheduler group
- see FSS group
- field replaceable unit
- see FRU
- fixed policy
A policy for managing a workload's
compartment. This type of policy guarantees
that a workload's compartment has a fixed (constant) amount of processor
resources.
Fixed policies do not have a settable priority. gWLM satisfies compartment minimums first; next, it
satisfies both fixed policies and policy
minimums; finally, it satisfies other policy types.
- floater processor
- see unbound processor
- forecast
A prediction of system utilizations
and workload demand
profiles for some future time.
- free cell
A cell that is not assigned to an
nPartition. This applies to any cell location,
regardless of whether the slot exists or is populated.
- FRU
Field replaceable unit. Hardware that can be replaced by a
field engineer. This includes all components that are hot-pluggable or
hot-swappable. It also includes many components
that must be powered off to be replaced.
- FRU ID
Data that provides identification information about a field replaceable unit (FRU),
such as the part number, serial number, revision and test history.
The FRU ID typically is stored in an EEPROM that is located on the
FRU.
- FSS group
Fair-Share Scheduler group. A group of processes that has
its processor allocation managed by the HP-UX FSS service. FSS groups
allow you to allocate fractions of processor resources, rather than
only whole processors, to the processes in the group.
- Global Workload Manager
- see gWLM
- GNI
Global noninterleaved memory, another name for cell
local memory (CLM).
- guest OS
A guest operating system is the operating system that is running
on a virtual machine.
- GUI
Graphical User Interface. A visually-oriented user interface
in which components and actions can be selected by clicking on objects
and menus instead of typing command lines.
see also CLI- gWLM
HP Integrity Essentials Global Workload Manager. The VSE Management Software application that
allows you to centrally define resource-sharing policies that
you can use across multiple HP servers. These policies increase system
utilization and facilitate controlled sharing of system resources.
gWLM's monitoring abilities provide both real-time and historical
monitoring of the resource allocation.
- HA
High availability. The ability of a server or partition to
continue operating despite the failure of one or more components.
High availability requires redundant resources, such as processors
and memory, in specific combinations.
The high-availability status of a device group is usually indicated
by the following notation.
- hard reset
A hard reset, like the reset (RS)
command available at the Service Processor prompt,
immediately stops the operating system and all applications, without
forcing a crash dump.
see also TOC- high availability
- see HA
- host
A system or partition that is running an instance
of an operating system.
The physical machine that is the VM
Host for one or more virtual
machines.
- host name
The name of a system or partition that is running an OS instance.
- host OS
The operating system that is running on the host machine.
- hot-pluggable
A hardware component that can be added to or removed from a
cabinet, with software intervention, while
the cabinet remains operational. Examples are PCI I/O
cards, cells, and I/O
chassis.
These components are hot-pluggable only to the extent that
operating system and hardware support is present.
see also hot-swappablesee also FRU- hot-swappable
A hardware component that can be added to or removed from a
cabinet, without software intervention, while
the cabinet remains operational. Examples are bulk power supplies,
cabinet blowers, and I/O
fans. These items are hot-swappable if their removal does not
create an N-1 HA situation.
For example, if a cabinet's power status is N+1,
then any one of the bulk power supplies can be removed without affecting
the operation of the cabinet.
see also hot-pluggablesee also FRU- hyper-threading
Intel® Hyper-Threading
Technology. The ability of certain processors to create a second virtual
core that allows additional efficiencies of
processing. This is not a true multi-core processor, but it adds performance
benefits. True multi-core processors typically deliver much greater
performance than equivalent hyper-threading technology.
- I/O bay
The physical location in a cabinet where
an I/O support structure is located.
- I/O chassis
A PCI or PCI-X card
cage and associated backplane that contains a system
bus adapter and one or more local
bus adapters. An I/O chassis may or may not be physically
removable.
- I/O chassis enclosure
- see ICE
- I/O Dependent Code
- see IODC
- I/O expansion cabinet
- see IOX
- I/O fans
The fans that are used to cool an I/O chassis.
Found in both I/O expansion cabinets and
compute cabinets.
I/O fans are distinct from cabinet blowers.
- I/O support structure
A physical structure in cabinets
where one or more I/O chassis are located. In
some cabinets the I/O support structure is referred to as an I/O support
tray, in other cabinets as an I/O chassis
enclosure (ICE). The different names
reflect the different physical characteristics of the support structures.
The I/O support structure is removable in some cabinet types (for
example, I/O expansion cabinet) and is not
removable in others.
- iCAP
Instant Capacity. The HP Utility Pricing Solutions product
whose pricing model is based on purchasing components (processors, cell
boards, and memory). With Instant Capacity you initially purchase
a specified number of activated components and pay a right-to-access
fee for a specified number of deactivated (iCAP) components. To activate
a component, you purchase the component and license it through the
application of a codeword.
Previous versions of iCAP were referred to as Instant Capacity
on Demand, or iCOD.
- iCAP component
Instant Capacity component (also referred to as an unlicensed
component). An iCAP component is a processor,
cell board, or memory that is physically installed
in an iCAP system but is not authorized for
use. Before it can be used, a right-to-use
(RTU) must be purchased and a
codeword must be applied to the system.
- iCAP processor
Instant Capacity processor (also referred to as an unlicensed
processor). A processor that is physically installed in an iCAP
system but is not authorized for use and is inactive. After licensing, iCAP processors
can be turned on during installation, or later by the Instant Capacity
software. Licensed processors are activated with the icod_modify command
(or the vparmodify command in a virtual partition).
- ICE
I/O chassis enclosure. A specific type of I/O bay on
some models of HP Superdome server. An ICE provides mechanical and
electrical support for up to two 12-slot I/O chassis.
- iCOD
- see iCAP
- iCOD component
- see iCAP component
- iCOD processor
- see iCAP processor
- inactive cell
A cell that is not available
for use by software running on an nPartition. This
term is usually used to describe a cell that has the following status
(though any cell that is not active is
by definition inactive).
The slot is present and is populated.
The cell is assigned to an nPartition.
see also active cell- inactive I/O chassis
An I/O chassis that is not available
for use by the software that is running on an nPartition.
An I/O chassis is inactive when it is attached to an inactive cell.
see also active I/O chassis- inactive nPartition
An nPartition in which all of
its cells are inactive.
see also active nPartition- inactive processor
A processor in an iCAP system
that is currently inactive. Licensed inactive processors can be activated by the icod_modify command
(or by the vparmodify command in a virtual partition).
An inactive processor is also referred to as a deactivated processor.
see also activated processorsee also iCAP processor- initial system loader
- see ISL
- Instant Capacity
- see iCAP
- Instant Capacity component
- see iCAP component
- Instant Capacity processor
- see iCAP processor
- Integrity Virtual Machines Manager
- see VM Manager
- Intelligent Platform Management Interface
- see IPMI
- interleaved memory
Memory that can be interleaved across more than one cell.
Interleaved memory presents a single logical memory address range
that is mapped to different physical memory ranges across multiple
cells.
see also CLM- IODC
I/O Dependent Code. IODC provides a uniform, architected mechanism
to obtain platform information. IODC is composed of two parts. The
first part is a set of up to 16 bytes that identify and characterize
hardware modules. The second part is a set of entry points that provide
a standard procedural interface for performing module-type dependent
operations such as boot device, keyboard, and display device initialization
and Input/Output routines. IODC is documented in the PA-RISC 1.1 I/O Firmware Architecture Reference Specification.
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- IOX
I/O expansion cabinet. A cabinet that
contains I/O devices (card cages) but no cells.
see also expansion cabinet- IPMI
Intelligent Platform Management Interface. A set of standards
for remote multiplatform server management. IPMI uses intelligent
platform management hardware and a message-based interface.
- ISL
Initial system loader. This program implements the portion
of the bootstrap process that is independent of the operating system
(OS). The ISL is loaded and executed after self-test and initialization
have completed successfully. It provides an interface to select an
OS or load a predefined default OS.
- Itanium®-based
systems
Systems built on any version of the Intel®
Itanium® architecture.
- LBA
Local bus adapter. A device that connects the system
bus adapter (SBA) to an I/O bus,
such as PCI. Multiple LBAs are connected to
a single SBA.
- leaf node
An object at the lowest level of a graphical tree view. Leaf
nodes have no child nodes.
- local bus adapter
- see LBA
- local nPartition
Used in a context where an nPartition command
is being executed, the local nPartition is the nPartition that is
running the command.
see also current virtual partitionsee also remote nPartition- LTU
License to use. One of the three main components of
gWLM: CMS, agents, and LTU
for each agent. The CMS allows you to control and monitor gWLM. The
agents run on the systems where you are managing workloads. You install
an LTU on each system that runs an agent in order to continue full
agent functionality beyond the initial trial period.
- managed mode
SRD managed mode lets gWLM
automatically adjust the resource allocations for your compartments.
see also advisory modesee also deploy- managed resource
A resource that can be allocated and controlled by HP Integrity
Essentials Virtualization Manager. Managed resources include: processors, memory, disks, and I/O bandwidth.
- managed system
A server or other system that
can be managed by SIM from a CMS
. A managed system can be managed by more than one CMS.
- managed workload
A workload that is managed by Global Workload Manager (gWLM).
- management domain
A CMS and its managed systems.
- Management Processor
- see Service Processor
- master I/O backplane
The main backplane in a complex into
which you plug an I/O chassis.
- max 15–min
Maximum 15–minute sustained: this is the highest value
in the selected time interval that was sustained for at least 15 minutes.
- measured value
The current value of a metric being used in a policy.
- memory echelon
- see echelon
- metric
A specific measurement that defines a performance characteristic.
- metric view selection
In Capacity Advisor, a combination of the statistical model
(such as peak or average) used to calculate the metric and
whether it is to be presented as a percentage or an absolute value.
- migrating processors
The process of activating and deactivating processors across partitions
for load balancing.
- monarch processor
The main controlling processor of the
operating system, designated CPU 0.
- monitored workload
A workload that can be monitored by
Virtualization Manager but has no policy associated
with it. Monitored workloads are not managed by Global
Workload Manager (gWLM).
- multithreading
The ability of an application and operating system to allow
parallel computing by dividing processing between multiple processors or cores.
- node
- see system
- nPartition
A partition in a cell-based server that
consists of one or more cells,
and one or more I/O chassis. Each nPartition
operates independently of other nPartitions and either runs a single
instance of an operating system or is further divided into virtual partitions.
nPartitions can be used as compartments managed
by gWLM as long as several requirements are
met. Refer to the gWLM online help for a description of nPartition
requirements.
see also virtual partition- nPartition Configuration Privilege
A feature available on newer cell-based
servers that can be used to restrict the ability of privileged users
on one nPartition from affecting other nPartitions.
This feature is configured via the PARPERM command
at the Service Processor command interface.
For more information, refer to the configuration
privilege topic in the Partition Manager help.
- nPartition Provider
The WBEM services
provider for nPartition information about cell-based servers.
- nPartition server
- see cell-based server
- online activation
The ability to activate
a deactivated processor using Instant Capacity
(iCAP) software while HP-UX is running.
No reboot is required. This is done with the icod_modify
command or, in a virtual partition, with the vparmodify
command. Online activation is the default behavior of iCAP.
- OS
Operating system.
- OwnBorrow policy
A policy for managing a workload's
compartment. This type of policy allows you
to set the following values:
The minimum amount of processor resources that
a compartment should ever have.
The maximum amount of processor resources that
a compartment should ever have.
The amount of processor resources that a compartment
owns.
A compartment is guaranteed to have the resources it owns when
they are needed. When a workload is not busy, gWLM may
lend its processor resources to other workloads that are busy, as
long as the compartment minimum is maintained. When it becomes busy,
a compartment will immediately re-acquire any resources that were
loaned to other compartments. A compartment with a busy workload
can borrow processor resources up to its allowed maximum, if resources
are available from other compartments.
You can assign a weight to
an OwnBorrow policy in order to prioritize resource allocation.
- owned resources
Resources that are guaranteed to a compartment when
they are required. For example, a compartment is guaranteed its owned
processor resources when they are needed. A compartment can lend its
owned resources to other compartments.
- PACI
Partition console interface. Provides console access for an
nPartition. PACI is a part of core
I/O.
- parked workload
A workload that is not currently associated
with a system. A workload becomes parked if
its system is set to “none” when it is created or later
modified. A parked workload that was previously associated with a
system may have historical data associated with it from Capacity
Advisor or gWLM. As with any workload,
the historical data will be lost if the workload is deleted.
When migrating a workload from one system to another, it may
be useful to park the workload (removing the association with the
original system) until the new system becomes available. This preserves
the historical data for the workload across the migration.
- partition
A subset of server hardware
that includes processor, memory, and I/O
resources on which an operating system (OS)
can be run. This type of partitioning allows a single server to
run an OS independently in each partition with isolation from
other partitions.
A resource partition,
made up of either an FSS group or a processor set, that runs within
a single OS. This type of partitioning controls resource allocations
within an OS.
see also nPartitionsee also virtual partition- Partition Configuration Data
- see PCD
- partition console interface
- see PACI
- partition database
- see vPars partition database
- Partition Manager
The VSE Management Software application
that is responsible for managing and configuring nPartitions on cell-based servers.
- partition name
An ASCII string that identifies a partition using
a name that is meaningful to the system administrator. The allowed
characters and maximum length are different for nPartition
and virtual partition names.
For nPartitions, partition names do not have to be unique,
because the partition number provides a unique
partition identifier. Virtual partition names must be unique within the
nPartition or server that is running vPars.
- partition number
An integer that uniquely identifies an individual nPartition within
a complex. Each nPartition is assigned a unique
number from 0 to the maximum number of partitions supported minus
1.
- partition stable store
- see PCD
- Pay per use
- see PPU
- PCD
Partition configuration data. The part of the complex
profile that provides partition-specific
information. The PCD can be thought of as an array
with one element per possible partition indexed by partition
number. PCD provides the functionality
of stable store in traditional systems.
- PCI
Peripheral component interconnect. A standard for the
connection between a processor and attached devices.
- PCI-X
Peripheral component interconnect extended. An enhanced version
of PCI.
- PDC
Processor-dependent code.
see also system firmware- PDH
Processor-dependent hardware. The ROM, nonvolatile memory,
and PDH controller interface for a cell board.
The PDH comprises a controller and its external Flash EPROM, battery-backed
SRAM, real-time clock, and external registers.
- peak
The highest utilization value in the selected time interval.
- peripheral component interconnect
- see PCI
- policy
A collection of rules and settings that control workload resources.
For example, a policy can indicate the minimum and maximum amount
of processor resources allowed for a workload, and a target to be
achieved.
A single policy can be associated with multiple workloads.
- policy pass/fail
A policy can either succeed or fail
to meet its target. A failure can be due to clipping of
the policy's resource requests.
- PolicyMax
The maximum amount of a resource, such as number of processors, for a compartment as
specified in that policy's definition.
In graphs, the Effective PolicyMax is shown. This value
is the smaller of PolicyMax and CompartmentMax (the
maximum amount of a resource that a compartment can have).
- PolicyMin
The minimum amount of a resource, such as number of processors, for a compartment as
specified in that policy's definition.
In graphs, the Effective PolicyMin is shown. This value
is the larger of PolicyMin and CompartmentMin (the
minimum amount of a resource that a compartment can have).
- PPU
Pay per use. An HP software product that is a part of the
HP Utility Pricing Solutions program. PPU implements a pricing model
in which you are charged for the processor usage. You acquire a specific
hardware platform and number of processors, and are charged for usage
of the processors based on system demand.
- PPU agent
The Pay per use (PPU)
software component that provides information to the utility meter.
On HP-UX systems this component is implemented as a daemon named
(ppud). On Microsoft® Windows® systems, this component is implemented
as a service.
- priority
The importance of a policy, relative
to other policies, as defined by the user. The highest priority is
1. Lower priorities are 2, 3, and so on through 1000.
Global Workload Manager
(gWLM) uses priorities to determine the order
in which to allocate resources when the sum of the resource requests
exceeds the resources available in the SRD.
Fixed policies do
not have priorities; their resources are allocated before priorities
are evaluated.
If all resource requests have been met and resources are still
available, the weight assigned to each policy,
not its priority, determines how the excess resources are distributed.
- process
Execution of a program or image file. Execution can represent
a user or operating system process.
- processor
The hardware component that plugs into a processor socket.
Processors can contain more than one core.
see also core- processor module
The packaging of one or more processors to
connect into a single socket on the system bus. Examples include
the Intel® Xeon® FC-mPGA
package, the HP mx2 dual-processor module, and the IBM Power 5 MCM.
- processor set
- see PSET
- processor-dependent hardware
- see PDH
- profile viewer
The Profile Viewer provides a visual display of historical
utilization data collected by Capacity Advisor along with
additional information you have provided. The Profile Viewer also
enables you to examine different time intervals and different categories
of data.
- PSET
A collection of processors grouped
together for exclusive access by applications assigned to that processor
set. Each application runs only on processors in its assigned processor
set. On Linux systems gWLM simulates PSETs
by using processor affinity masks.
- Quality of Service
(QoS)
A combination of qualitative and quantitative factors such
as up time, response time, and available bandwidth, that collectively
to describe how well a system performs. The Quality of Service
is frequently embodied in a Service Level Agreement or in a set of
Service Level Objectives between or among organizations.
- ready for reconfiguration
The state of a cell location that permits
its nPartition assignment to be changed. All
cell locations whose nPartition assignment is changed must be at the
ready for reconfiguration state before the Service
Processor can push out the new Stable
Complex Configuration Data. A cell location is in the
ready for reconfiguration state when any of the following conditions
applies.
The cell location is not present.
No cell is present at that location.
The cell is not powered on.
The cell is inactive
(usually, a cell that is powered on with the boot-is-blocked attribute
set).
- reboot for reconfiguration
The process of rebooting an nPartition in
such a way that all active cells in
the nPartition are reset with boot-is-blocked
(BIB) set. When the operating system running
on the nPartition has finished shutting down, these cells begin their
power-on self-test sequence, then wait for BIB to be cleared by the Service
Processor. When all of the cells in the nPartition complete
self-test, the Service Processor boots the nPartition.
On the HP-UX operating system, reboot for reconfiguration is
performed using the reboot or shutdown command
with the -R option. The -H option
should not be used, so that the nPartition will automatically reboot
after reconfiguration.
On Linux and Microsoft Windows operating systems, the normal
reboot process performs reboot for reconfiguration.
see also shutdown for reconfiguration- remote nPartition
In a context where an nPartition command
is being executed, a remote nPartition is any nPartition other than
the one that is running the command.
see also local nPartition- request
The amount of a system resource that a policy asks
gWLM to give to the policy's compartment.
Each policy makes a request, then gWLM arbitrates the requests from
all of the policies to determine what resources will be allocated
to the compartments. Requests may be restricted by policy settings
and by the compartment definition. For example, if a PolicyMin value
is less than a CompartmentMin value, the CompartmentMin
value is used instead of the PolicyMin value.
see also custom policysee also fixed policysee also OwnBorrow policysee also utilization policy- resource partition
A subset of the resources available to an operating system
instance, isolated for use by specific processes. A resource partition
has its own process scheduler. CPU resources in the partition may
be allocated using Fair-Share Scheduler groups or processor sets. Policies for controlling the
allocation of resources to the partition may be set using Global Workload Manager (gWLM).
- resource pool
A set of systems to
consider as the possible location of a workload.
See also shared resource domain
(SRD), boundaries within which resources
can be allocated and balanced across workloads.
- ResPar
- see resource partition
- right-to-access
- see RTA
- right-to-use
- see RTU
- RTA
Right-to-access. The initial fee that you pay to enter the Instant Capacity (iCAP) program
and physically acquire possession of an iCAP component
(memory, cell board, or processor) that is
unauthorized for use and inactive.
- RTU
Right-to-use. The fee that you pay to license an iCAP
component (memory, cell board, or processor).
The right-to-use authorizes you to obtain a codeword to
activate Instant Capacity components. The amount paid for this is
called the activation fee or enablement fee.
- SBA
System bus adapter. The chip in an I/O chassis that
provides a connection between the cell controller on
a cell and the set of local
bus adapters in the I/O chassis.
- SBA link
A link from an I/O chassis to its system bus adapter.
- SCCD
Stable Complex Configuration Data. The portion of the complex
profile that contains attributes of the complex (serial
number, model string, and so on) and the assignment of cells to nPartitions.
- scenario
A possible configuration of systems
and workloads under consideration
when doing capacity planning.
see also what-if scenario- secure compartment
A boundary that provides security to a compartment by
controlling access and system capabilities available to a set of processes.
- secure resource partition
A resource partition that
is integrated with HP-UX Security Containment.
- server
Physical server: Hardware that
can run one or more operating systems, including a partitionable complex.
Also, hardware that can run an instance of the vPars
monitor. Server hardware includes one or more cabinets containing all the available
processors, memory, I/O, and power and cooling components. HP Integrity
servers include two types of server hardware: standalone
servers and cell-based
servers.
Virtual server: A software-based
virtual environment that can run an operating system. A virtual
server includes a subset of the server hardware resources, including
processors, memory, and I/O. Virtual servers may be virtual partitions
under vPars or virtual
machines under HP Integrity Virtual Machines.
HP Systems Insight Manager uses the term “server” for
any standalone server, nPartition, or virtual server that is running
an instance of an operating system or an instance of the vPars
monitor.
see also system- Service Processor
An independent support processor for HP servers that support nPartitions. The Service Processor provides
a menu of service-level commands, plus commands to reset and reboot
nPartitions and configure various parameters.
The Service Processor in HP servers is sometimes called the
Management Processor (MP) or the Guardian Service
Processor (GSP).
- shared resource domain
- see SRD
- shutdown for reconfiguration
The process of shutting down an nPartition in
such a way that all active cells in
the nPartition are reset with the boot-is-blocked
(BIB) attribute. When the operating
system that is running on the nPartition has finished shutting down,
these cells begin their power-on self-test sequence and then wait
for BIB to be cleared by the Service Processor.
As a result, the nPartition becomes inactive.
On the HP-UX operating system, shutdown for reconfiguration
is performed using the shutdown or reboot commands
with the -R and -H (or -RH)
options.
On the Linux operating system the command shutdown
-h now performs shutdown for reconfiguration.
On Microsoft Windows operating systems the shutdown
/h command performs shutdown for reconfiguration.
see also reboot for reconfiguration- SIM
HP Systems Insight Manager. The platform and framework on which
the VSE Management Software products are deployed.
- simulation
- see capacity-planning simulation
- simulation interval
For Capacity Avisor, a combination of a duration and a
starting or ending point that defines the period of time over
which the simulation is to be done.
- Single System Management
- see SSM
- size
The amount of a resource that a compartment actually has.
When working with processor resources, size can differ from
the actual allocation when gWLM is deployed
in advisory mode.
- SRD
Shared resource domain. A collection of compartments that
share system resources. The compartments can be nPartitions, virtual partitions, virtual machines, processor
sets (PSETs), or Fair-Share Scheduler (FSS) groups.
A server containing nPartitions can be an SRD as long as nPartition
requirements are met. These requirements are detailed in the
gWLM online help topic Getting the most
out of gWLM.
A server or an nPartition divided into virtual partitions can
be an SRD for its virtual partition compartments. A VM
Host can be an SRD to its virtual machines. Similarly,
a server, an nPartition, or a virtual partition containing PSETs can
be an SRD for its PSET compartments. Finally, a server, an nPartition,
or a virtual partition containing FSS groups can be an SRD for its
FSS-group compartments.
A complex with nPartitions can hold multiple SRDs. For example,
if the complex is divided into nPartitions named Par1 and Par2, Par1's
compartments could be virtual partitions, while Par2's compartments
are PSETs.
see also deploysee also advisory modesee also managed mode- SRD states
An SRD can be in one of two states: deployed or undeployed. When deployed, an SRD can be
in one of two modes: advisory mode or managed
mode.
- SSM
Single System Management. A method of viewing and managing
systems without the use of a central management
server (CMS). In the SSM model,
administrators log in to the system to be managed and use the management
tools directly on that system. This is different than the CMS based
management model, in which administrators log in to the CMS, and use
management tools on the CMS that contact the managed systems.
- Stable Complex Configuration Data
- see SCCD
- standalone server
Hardware that can run one or more operating systems but does
not support dividing hardware resources into nPartitions.
- system
A server, nPartition,
virtual partition, or virtual
machine that is running an instance of an operating
system.
Entities on the network that communicate through
TCP/IP or IPX. To manage a system, some type of management protocol
(for example, SNMP, DMI, or WBEM) must
be present on the system. Examples of systems include servers, workstations, desktops,
portables, routers, switches, hubs, and gateways.
see also server- system bus adapter
- see SBA
- system firmware
Code that provides a uniform, architected context in which
to perform processor-dependent operations.
Also called processor-dependent code
(PDC) on PA-RISC systems.
On Itanium®-based systems,
system firmware includes PAL (Processor Abstraction
Layer), SAL (System Abstraction Layer), EFI (extensible firmware interface),
and ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface).
- Systems Insight Manager
- see SIM
- target
The value that drives a policy, thereby
influencing its resource requests to gWLM.
For a target processor utilization, gWLM attempts to keep a workload's processor utilization below the
target by adding processor resources when the workload is using too
much of its current processor allocation. For example, assume a workload
has a utilization policy with a target of 80%
and a size of 5 processors. If the workload is consuming 4.5 processors,
its utilization percentage is 4.5/5, or 90%. The gWLM software attempts
to allocate additional processor resources to the workload to meet
the target. A size of 6 processors results in a utilization percentage
of 4.5/6, or 75%, thus meeting the target.
A target can also be a value the workload should stay above,
such as x transactions per
second. In this case, adding resources helps the workload maintain
the number of transactions.
- Temporary Instant Capacity
- see TiCAP
- TiCAP
Temporary Instant Capacity. An HP product that enables customers
to purchase prepaid processor activation rights, for a specified
(temporary) period of time. Temporary capacity is sold in 30-processor-day
increments. TiCAP was formerly referred to as “TiCOD”.
- TiCOD
- see TiCAP
- TOC
Transfer of control. A soft reset, which terminates
the operating system and all applications, and causes a crash dump
to be saved to the dump device, if one is defined.
see also hard reset- transfer of control
- see TOC
- unassign a cell
Modify the Stable Complex Configuration
Data so that a cell is no longer
assigned to an nPartition and is instead a free
cell. A cell must be inactive before it can be unassigned. If the
cell was not inactive before the unassignment operation, then the
operation will not be complete until the nPartition has performed
a reboot for reconfiguration.
- unassigned cell
- see free cell
- unbound processor
In A.03.x versions of vPars,
an unbound processor is a processor that can be migrated between virtual partitions while those
partitions are running. Unbound processors cannot handle I/O interrupts.
Unbound processors are sometimes referred to as “floater
processors”.
The distinction between bound and unbound processors does not
apply to vPars version A.04.x.
see also bound processor- undeploy
Change the shared resource domain
(SRD) state to disable gWLM's management of system resources in a
specified SRD.
If an SRD is in managed mode, undeploying
stops the migration of system resources between compartments in
the SRD. If the SRD is in advisory mode, undeploying
stops gWLM from providing information about the requests that
would have been made.
see also deploy- usage database
The HP repository that contains Pay per use
system-utilization information. You can access this information through
the Utility Pricing Solutions Portal.
- use-on-next-boot
A per-cell flag in the Partition
Configuration Data. This flag is used by system
firmware during the process of booting an nPartition.
If a cell is assigned to an nPartition and
this flag is not set, then the cell is not activated the next time
that the nPartition is booted.
- utilities subsystem
The utilities subsystem provides the platform management infrastructure
for a complex. Its features and services are
accessible through the Service Processor user
interface, Partition Manager, and other platform
management tools. It includes the following components:
- utility meter
The software and hardware device that receives Pay
per use system-utilization information from the Pay
per use software. The utility meter is initially installed and configured
by an HP service representative.
- Utility Pricing Solutions Portal
An HP Web site that gives customers an interface to view their Pay
per use system-utilization information and to obtain codewords for Instant
Capacity (iCAP) systems.
- utilization policy
A policy for managing a workload's
compartment. This type of policy has a
target based on utilization. With a processor
utilization policy, gWLM attempts to keep a workload's
processor utilization below the target by adding processor resources
when the workload is using too much of its current processor allocation.
For example, assume a workload has a utilization policy with a target
of 80% and an allocation of 5 processors. If the workload is consuming
4.5 processors, its utilization percentage is 4.5/5, or 90%. The
gWLM software attempts to allocate additional processor resources
to the workload to meet the target. An allocation of 6 processors
would result in a utilization percentage of 4.5/6, or 75%, thus meeting
the target.
You can set a priority for utilization policies to ensure that
gWLM attempts to satisfy the policies in a particular order. The highest
priority is 1; lower priorities are 2, 3, and so on, through 1000.
You can also set a weight for a utilization
policy.
- Utilization Provider
The WBEM services provider
for real-time utilization data from managed
systems.
- VFP
Virtual Front Panel. An interface provided by the Service
Processor that displays the boot/run state of nPartitions.
- virtual console
A vPars feature that allows
a single hardware console port to be used as the console for multiple virtual partitions.
The virtualized console of a virtual
machine that emulates the functionality of the Management
Processor interface for HP Integrity servers. Each virtual machine
has its own virtual console, from which the virtual machine can
be powered on or off and booted or shut down, and from which the
guest operating system can be selected.
- virtual device
An emulation of a physical device. This emulation, used as
a device by a virtual machine, effectively
maps a virtual device to an entity (for example, backing store) on
the VM Host.
- Virtual Front Panel
- see VFP
- virtual machine
A software entity provided by HP Integrity Virtual Machines.
This technology allows a single server or
nPartition to act as a VM Host
for multiple individual virtual machines, each running its own instance
of an operating system (referred to as a guest OS). Virtual machines
are servers in the Virtual Server Environment
(VSE).
- virtual machine application
(VM_app)
The executable program on the VM Host that
manifests the individual virtual machine. It communicates with the
loadable drivers based on information in the guest-specific configuration
file, and it instantiates the virtual machine.
- virtual machine console
- see virtual console
- virtual machine host
- see VM Host
- virtual partition
A software partition of a server,
or of a single nPartition, where each virtual
partition can run its own instance of an operating system. A virtual
partition cannot span an nPartition boundary.
see also nPartitionsee also virtual machine- virtual partition scan
A scan of the system to determine the allocation and
status of processor, memory, and I/O resources in a vPars-enabled
system.
- virtual partition server
A specific layer, analogous to but not an operating system,
that supports virtual partitions.
- Virtual Server Environment
- see VSE
- virtual switch
- see vswitch
- Virtualization Manager
HP Integrity Essentials Virtualization Manager. Virtualization
Manager provides hierarchical visualization of servers and workloads, with seamless access to the
management tools of the VSE technologies.
- VM
- see virtual machine
- VM Host
An HP Integrity server running HP-UX
with the HP Integrity Virtual Machines software installed. Virtual
machines are manifested as processes executing on the VM Host. Configuration,
management, and monitoring of virtual machines is performed on the
VM Host.
- VM Manager
HP Integrity Virtual Machines Manager. The VSE
Management Software application that is responsible
for managing and configuring HP Integrity Virtual Machines.
- vPars
An HP software product that provides virtual partitions.
see also virtual machine- vPars monitor
The program that manages the assignment of resources to
virtual partitions in
a vPars-enabled system. To enable
virtual partitions, the vPars monitor must be booted in place of a
normal HP-UX kernel. Each virtual partition running under the monitor
then boots its own HP-UX kernel.
The vPars monitor reads and updates the vPars
partition database, boots virtual partitions and
their kernels, and emulates certain firmware calls.
see also VM Host- vPars partition database
The database that contains the configuration information
for all the virtual partitions on a vPars-enabled
system.
- VSE
The HP Virtual Server Environment (VSE) is an integrated virtualization
offering for HP-UX servers,
providing a flexible computing environment that maximizes utilization
of server resources. VSE consists of a pool of dynamically sizable
virtual servers, each of which can grow and shrink based on service-level
objectives and business priorities.
- vswitch
Virtual switch. Refers to both a dynamically loadable kernel
module (DLKM) and a user-mode component implementing
a virtual network switch. The virtualized network interface cards
(NICs) for guest machines are attached to the virtual
switches.
- way
An older term that describes the number of processors in a
symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) system (for example,
“4-way”.) This term is replaced by processor.
(For example, “4-processor”.)
- WBEM
Web-Based Enterprise Management. A set of Web-based information
services standards developed by the Distributed Management
Task Force, Inc. A WBEM provider offers access to a
resource. WBEM clients send requests to providers to get
information about and access to the registered resources.
see also nPartition Providersee also Utilization Provider- Web-Based Enterprise Management
- see WBEM
- weight
A value that you assign to a policy to
determine how system resources are allocated by gWLM in
the following scenarios:
Global Workload Manager addresses priority levels
from highest to lowest, allocating system resources to all requests at a given priority level before
considering lower-priority requests. If requests cannot be satisfied
at some priority level, the remaining resources are distributed
so that the total resource allocation for each workload is
as close as possible to the proportion of its weight relative
to the sum of all the weights.
If gWLM has satisfied all system resource requests
at all priorities and there are resources still to be allocated,
gWLM will distribute the remaining resources by weight.
- what-if scenario
A configuration of systems and
workloads that is different
from the current configuration. Capacity-planning simulations are run using
what-if scenarios as experiments before making an actual configuration
change.
- wizard
A sequential series of pages that transforms a complex task
into simple steps and guides you though them. The wizard makes sure
that you provide all of the required information and do not skip any
steps. At each step, a page is presented that allows you to specify
the information needed to complete that step. Help is available at
each step and you always have the option of going back to continue
the wizard from a previous step.
- workload
The collection of processes in a standalone server,
nPartition compartment,
virtual partition compartment, or virtual
machine compartment. Global
Workload Manager (gWLM) extends this
concept to include processor set (PSET)
compartments and FSS group compartments. Global
Workload Manager enables you to monitor and manage workloads by automatically
adjusting the resource allocations of their compartments based on policies.
see also managed workloadsee also monitored workload- XBC
Cross-bar chip. On some server models each cell in
a compute cabinet plugs into a cross-bar backplane
by means of a pair of connectors, thereby forming a connection between
the cell controller on the cell
board and a cross-bar chip. On other server models, cell controllers
are directly connected to other cell controllers, thereby eliminating
the need for a cross-bar backplane.